Reframing urban and regional ‘development’ for ‘left behind’ places

Abstract The recent wave of populism has focused attention on ‘left behind’ places as hotspots discontent. Seeking to remedy their neglect in urban and regional studies, the aim this paper is engage with problems stimulate fresh thinking about alternative approaches. Reflecting complex inter-connected issues facing such places, it argues that a new conception required address belonging attachment. outlines basis an expanded neo-endogenous development approach, identifying foundational economy, income livelihoods, social infrastructures innovation key policy concerns.